rs2904552

This is a variant in the PRODH gene that changes a arginine to an histidine.

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GWAS Catalog Trait Associations (8)

Genome-wide significant associations (p < 5×10⁻⁸) from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog.

proline level

Schlosser P et al. “Genetic studies of paired metabolomes reveal enzymatic and transport processes at the interface of plasma and urine.” Nature Genetics 55(6):995-1008 (2023)
Allele T
OR 0.18
p 4.0e-66
N 4,960
Large GWAS
European
Tahir UA et al. “Whole Genome Association Study of the Plasma Metabolome Identifies Metabolites Linked to Cardiometabolic Disease in Black Individuals.” Nature Communications 13(1):4923 (2022)
Allele T
OR 0.63
p 6.0e-16
N 2,466
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry

saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage

Zoodsma M et al. “A genetic map of human metabolism across the allele frequency spectrum.” Nature Genetics 57(10):2445-2455 (2025)
Allele T
OR 0.04
p 7.0e-39
N 450,015
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Sun Y et al. “GWAS and multi-omics integrative analysis reveal novel loci and their molecular mechanisms for circulating fatty acids.” Hgg Advances 6(4):100470 (2025)
Allele T
OR —
p 3.0e-8
N 128,922
Large GWAS
European

level of Xaa-Pro dipeptidase in blood

Loya H et al. “A scalable variational inference approach for increased mixed-model association power.” Nature Genetics 57(2):461-468 (2025)
Allele T
OR 0.11
p 1.0e-34
N 47,745
Large GWAS
European

X-23639 measurement

Surendran P et al. “Rare and common genetic determinants of metabolic individuality and their effects on human health.” Nature Medicine 28(11):2321-2332 (2022)
Allele T
OR 0.12
p 1.0e-12
N 14,296
Large GWAS
European

body height

Schoeler T et al. “Combining cross-sectional and longitudinal genomic approaches to identify determinants of cognitive and physical decline.” Nature Communications 16(1):4524 (2025)
Allele C
OR 0.01
p 3.0e-8
N 405,540
Large GWAS
European
Schoeler T et al. “Participation bias in the UK Biobank distorts genetic associations and downstream analyses.” Nature Human Behaviour 7(7):1216-1227 (2023)
Allele C
OR 0.16
p 5.0e-8
N 283,749
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
European

fatty acid amount

Sun Y et al. “GWAS and multi-omics integrative analysis reveal novel loci and their molecular mechanisms for circulating fatty acids.” Hgg Advances 6(4):100470 (2025)
Allele T
OR —
p 8.0e-13
N 239,268
Large GWAS
European

metabolite measurement

Schlosser P et al. “Genetic studies of paired metabolomes reveal enzymatic and transport processes at the interface of plasma and urine.” Nature Genetics 55(6):995-1008 (2023)
Allele T
OR 0.16
p 3.0e-13
N 4,936
Large GWAS
European
Tahir UA et al. “Whole Genome Association Study of the Plasma Metabolome Identifies Metabolites Linked to Cardiometabolic Disease in Black Individuals.” Nature Communications 13(1):4923 (2022)
Allele T
OR 0.58
p 9.0e-14
N 2,466
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry

polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids ratio

Zoodsma M et al. “A genetic map of human metabolism across the allele frequency spectrum.” Nature Genetics 57(10):2445-2455 (2025)
Allele T
OR 0.02
p 3.0e-11
N 450,015
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
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ClinVar annotation

Pathogenic★☆☆☆
7 submitters4 publications

Proline dehydrogenase deficiency (HYRPRO1); Schizophrenia 4 (SCZD4)

View on ClinVar →

About PRODH

This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that catalyzes the first step in proline degradation. Mutations in this gene are associated with hyperprolinemia type 1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia 4 (SCZD4). This gene is located on chromosome 22q11.21, a region which has also been associated with the contiguous gene deletion syndromes, DiGeorge and CATCH22. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

View all PRODH variants →

Gene information from NCBI Gene. Variant classifications from ClinVar.

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