rs762551

goodMag 3.5

This is a intron variant variant in the CYP1A2 gene.

Key Literature Trait Associations

Caffeine Metabolism

The -163C>A polymorphism determines caffeine metabolism speed. The A allele confers 'fast metabolizer' status with higher CYP1A2 inducibility, allowing rapid caffeine clearance. Slow metabolizers (C/C) who drink ≥3 cups of coffee/day have increased heart attack risk, while fast metabolizers (A/A) may have reduced risk.

Allele C
OR
p 5.0e-3
N 3,570
Meta-analysis
multi-ancestry
Cornelis MC et al. Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction. Jama 295(10):1135 (2006)
Allele C
OR 1.36
p 2.0e-8
Large GWAS
Allele C
OR 1.13
p 9.0e-3
N 9,380
Meta-analysis
multi-ancestry
Natasa Djordjevic et al. Induction of CYP1A2 by heavy coffee consumption is associated with the CYP1A2 −163C>A polymorphism European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2010)
Allele C
OR
p 2.2e-2
N 240
Candidate gene study
European
Allele C
OR
p 6.0e-3
N 146
Candidate gene study
European

Athletic Performance Response to Caffeine

Carriers of the A allele at rs762551 appear to derive greater ergogenic benefit from caffeine supplementation compared to CC homozygotes. A 2024 meta-analysis of 666 athletes (12 RCTs) found that A-allele carriers improved cycling time trial performance with caffeine (WMD=-0.90, p=0.002), while CC carriers showed no significant benefit (WMD=-0.08, p=0.53). Individual RCTs also show genotype-dependent effects on muscle strength, with CC carriers occasionally showing impaired performance at higher caffeine doses. Effects are most consistently demonstrated for endurance tasks.

Allele A
OR
p 2.0e-3
N 666
Meta-analysis
multi-ancestry
Wong O et al. CYP1A2 Genotype Modifies the Effects of Caffeine Compared With Placebo on Muscle Strength in Competitive Male Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (2021)
Allele A
OR
p 2.0e-2
N 100
Candidate gene study
European
Allele A
OR
p 3.7e-2
N 31
Candidate gene study
European

GWAS Catalog Trait Associations (1)

Genome-wide significant associations (p < 5×10⁻⁸) from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog.

cholesterol to total lipids in very large VLDL percentage

Zoodsma M et al. A genetic map of human metabolism across the allele frequency spectrum. Nature Genetics 57(10):2445-2455 (2025)
Allele A
OR 0.01
p 7.0e-11
N 450,015
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry

ClinVar annotation

Likely Benign☆☆☆
2 submitters1 publication

not specified

View on ClinVar →

Research that mentions this SNP (13)

Association of the matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) single nucleotide polymorphisms with tendinopathies: case-control study in high-level athletes
Case reportNina Briški et al.(2021)· International Orthopaedics

This is a Turkish-language personalized nutrigenetics and epigenetics coaching report for individual Mehmet Efe Yildirim (Report No. 1332, dated 2023-11-21). The report analyzes the individual's genetic polymorphisms related to nutritional metabolism, food sensitivities, detoxification pathways, and other health-related traits, providing personalized dietary and lifestyle recommendations based on cited scientific literature. This is a direct-to-consumer genetic test report, not a peer-reviewed research study.

Traits studied:Alcohol metabolismAnxiety and panic disorderCaffeine sensitivityCholine metabolismCircadian rhythmExercise performanceFolate metabolismFood allergiesGluten sensitivityHistamine sensitivityHomocysteinemiaInflammatory markersLactose intoleranceLiver healthMicrobiota metabolismNFE2L2 pathwayObesity and weight managementOmega-3 metabolismPhase I detoxificationPhase II glutathione transferasePlant sterols metabolismRiboflavin metabolismSelenium metabolismSleep qualityUGT metabolismVitamin A metabolismVitamin B12 metabolismVitamin B6 metabolismVitamin C metabolismVitamin D metabolismVitamin K metabolismZinc metabolism
Genetic variants conferring susceptibility to gastroschisis: a phenomenon restricted to the interaction with the environment?
Meta-analysisN=434Victor M. Salinas-Torres et al.(2018)· Pediatric Surgery International

This systematic review analyzed genetic associations with gastroschisis from 1980-2017, identifying 14 SNPs from 10 genes associated with crude risk and 30 SNPs from 14 genes with stratified risk. Four SNPs showed significant associations: rs4961 (ADD1, p=0.023), rs5443 (GNB3, p=0.002), rs1042713 (ADRB2, p=0.007), and rs1042714 (ADRB2, p=0.006). The findings suggest genetic susceptibility in gastroschisis is not restricted to gene-environment interactions, with blood pressure regulation genes playing a significant role in vascular disruption pathogenesis.

Traits studied:Gastroschisis
Variation in PAH‐related DNA adduct levels among non‐smokers: The role of multiple genetic polymorphisms and nucleotide excision repair phenotype
AssociationN=111Arash Etemadi et al.(2013)· International Journal of Cancer

This study examined PAH-related DNA adduct levels in 111 female never-smokers from Iran, evaluating 21 SNPs in 14 xenobiotic metabolism genes and 12 SNPs in 8 DNA repair genes. DNA adduct levels were significantly lower with NAT2 slow alleles (β=-0.24, p=0.01) and ERCC5 non-risk genotype (β=0.16, p=0.04), but higher with MPO risk alleles (β=0.21, p=0.01). The combination of phase I genes and measured NER capacity explained 17% more variation in adduct levels than environmental exposure alone (r²=0.24 vs 0.07), demonstrating the importance of genetic polymorphisms in PAH metabolism and DNA repair capacity.

Traits studied:Nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacityPAH-related DNA adduct levels
Interindividual Variability in the Hepatic Expression of the Human Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Effect of Age, Sex, and Genotype
AssociationN=1,000Bhagwat Prasad et al.(2013)· Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Case-control study of 1,000 Han Chinese individuals (450 epilepsy cases, 550 controls) examining associations between STX1B polymorphisms and epilepsy treatment response. The rs140820592 variant showed significant association with reduced epilepsy risk (OR=0.542, p=0.004) and drug-resistant epilepsy risk (OR=0.260, p=0.004), with eQTL analysis confirming rs140820592 regulates STX1B expression in brain tissues.

Traits studied:Drug-resistant epilepsyDrug-responsive epilepsyEpilepsyImatinib response in chronic myelogenous leukemiaPraziquantel responseTacrolimus metabolism
Modulation of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites by enzyme polymorphisms in workers of the German Human Bitumen Study
AssociationN=314Hans-Peter Rihs et al.(2011)· Archives of Toxicology

Study of 314 German workers (218 bitumen-exposed, 96 non-exposed controls) examining how 18 SNPs in metabolizing enzyme genes modulate urinary PAH metabolites (1-OHP and OHPHE). The CYP1A1 3801T>C CC variant showed 58% higher OHPHE (P=0.051), GSTM1*1 carriers had 11% lower OHPHE (P=0.046), and NAT2*803GG showed 15-16% decrease in OHPHE (P=0.042). No SNPs reached significance for 1-OHP.

Traits studied:1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) urinary levelsBitumen occupational exposure responseHydroxyphenanthrene (OHPHE) urinary levelsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism
Induction of CYP1A2 by heavy coffee consumption is associated with the CYP1A2 −163C&gt;A polymorphism
AssociationN=178Natasa Djordjevic et al.(2010)· European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

This study investigates the association of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms with heavy coffee consumption's effect on CYP1A2 enzyme activity in Serbian (n=64) and Swedish (n=114) populations. The key finding is that the CYP1A2 -163C>A polymorphism (rs762551) shows a significant increasing effect on CYP1A2 inducibility by heavy coffee consumption (Serbian P=0.022, Swedish P=0.016), with the highest enzyme activity in -163 A/A carriers. This polymorphism explains 22% and 14% of phenotypic variability in Serbian and Swedish heavy coffee consumers, respectively.

Traits studied:CYP1A2 enzyme activityCoffee consumption induction
Variability in Ethanol Biodisposition in Whites Is Modulated by Polymorphisms in the Adh1b and Adh1c Genes
ReviewCarmen Martínez et al.(2010)· Hepatology

A comprehensive review of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics examining how genetic variants influence individual responses to nutrients and dietary interventions. The paper discusses associations between numerous SNPs (rs9939609 in FTO, rs2287019 in GIPR, rs7903146 in TCF7L2, rs5219 in KCNJ11, and many others) and metabolic traits including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases, along with epigenetic mechanisms by which phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, lycopene) modulate gene expression. The review synthesizes current evidence for precision nutrition approaches tailored to individual genetic profiles.

Traits studied:Bone density/osteoporosisCaffeine sensitivityCardiovascular diseaseCeliac diseaseCerebrovascular diseaseCoronary heart diseaseDetoxification capacityEating behaviorGlucose homeostasisHistamine intoleranceInflammatory diseasesInsulin resistanceLactose intoleranceLeptin resistanceMetabolic syndromeNickel intoleranceObesityOsteoarthritisOverweightType 2 diabetes
Influence of neurexin 1 (NRXN1) polymorphisms in clozapine response
ReviewRenan P. Souza et al.(2010)· Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental

This systematic review of 98 studies examined biological predictors of clozapine response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. Of 379 different gene variants investigated across 70 genetic studies, only three variants (DRD3 Ser9Gly rs6280, HTR2A His452Tyr, and GNB3 C825T) achieved independent replication. Non-genetic predictors included higher prefrontal cortical volumes and lower HVA:5-HIAA ratio in cerebrospinal fluid.

Traits studied:Clozapine responseSchizophreniaTreatment-resistant schizophrenia
Lack of association of GPX1 and MnSOD genes with symptom severity and response to clozapine treatment in schizophrenia subjects
ReviewRenan P. Souza et al.(2009)· Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental

A systematic review of 98 studies investigating biological predictors of clozapine response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Of 70 genetic studies examining 379 variants, only three genetic variants have independently replicated findings: DRD3 Ser9Gly (rs6280), HTR2A His452Tyr, and GNB3 C825T (rs5442/rs5443). Non-genetic predictors include higher prefrontal cortical structural integrity and activity, and lower HVA:5-HIAA ratio in cerebrospinal fluid.

Traits studied:Clozapine responseSchizophreniaTreatment-resistant schizophrenia
Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S‐transferases and cytochrome P450s, tobacco smoking, and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
AssociationN=1,115Briseis A. Kilfoy et al.(2009)· American Journal of Hematology

Population-based case-control study of 1,115 women examining GST and CYP polymorphisms in relation to non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk, with stratification by smoking status. Overall NHL risk was not significantly altered by variant polymorphisms, but increased risk of DLBCL in non-smokers was associated with GSTP1 variant G allele (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.3) and CYP1A1 variant G allele (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.0-5.7), while decreased risk was observed for CYP1B1 variant G allele (OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-1.0).

Traits studied:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)Follicular lymphomaMarginal zone lymphomaNon-Hodgkin lymphomaSmall lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL)T cell lymphoma
Analysis of genetic variations in the RGS9 gene and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia
ReviewYing‐Jay Liou et al.(2009)· American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics

This is a comprehensive literature review of candidate genes and their single nucleotide variants associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia patients. The review examined genes involved in dopamine system (DRD1, DRD2, DRD3), catecholamine metabolism (COMT), serotonin system (HTR2A, HTR2C), and other pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic pathways. Timely identification of genetic variants in these genes could contribute to developing diagnostic tests and selecting safer antipsychotic therapy.

Traits studied:Antipsychotic-induced movement disordersDrug-induced tardive dyskinesiaSchizophreniaTardive dyskinesia
Coffee, caffeine‐related genes, and Parkinson's disease: A case–control study
AssociationN=1,208Maurizio F. Facheris et al.(2008)· Movement Disorders

A case-control study of 604 Parkinson's disease case-control pairs examining the association between coffee drinking and genetic variants in caffeine-related genes. The study found no significant association between coffee consumption (ever/never or dose-dependent) and PD risk in the overall sample or stratified analyses, and no evidence for gene-environment interactions between coffee and variants in ADORA2A (rs5751876, rs3032740) or CYP1A2 (rs35694136, rs762551), except for a borderline association with ADORA2A rs3032740 in men (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.52-0.96, p=0.03).

Traits studied:Parkinson's disease
Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction.
AssociationN=4,028Cornelis MC et al.(2006)· JAMA

A case-control study of 2,014 Costa Rican cases with first acute nonfatal myocardial infarction and 2,014 matched controls found that coffee consumption significantly increased MI risk among carriers of the CYP1A2 *1F allele (slow caffeine metabolizers; OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.14-2.34 for ≥4 cups/day) but not among homozygous *1A/*1A rapid metabolizers (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.66-1.48), demonstrating a significant gene×coffee interaction (P=0.04). The effect was stronger in individuals younger than the median age of 59 years.

Traits studied:Myocardial infarctionNonfatal MI

Gene information from NCBI Gene. Variant classifications from ClinVar.

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rs762551 (CYP1A2) — Gene Wizard