rs9341316

A comprehensive review of forensic applications of Y-chromosome DNA analysis, including Y-STR haplotyping for paternal lineage identification, paternity and kinship testing, familial searching, and bio-geographic ancestry inference. The paper illustrates these applications through the 14-year investigation of the 1999 Marianne Vaatstra murder case in the Netherlands, which was solved using Y-STR-based DNA dragnet and familial searching. The review discusses various Y-STR markers (9-27 loci), rapidly mutating Y-STRs for better discrimination, Y-SNP haplogroups for ancestry inference, and future directions in forensic Y-chromosome analysis.