rs3021094

This comprehensive review synthesizes literature on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), demonstrating its complex multifactorial etiology involving genetic factors (SNPs in GCKR, KCNQ1, MTNR1B, TCF7L2), epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and microRNA expression), and alterations in microbial composition across multiple body sites. While certain SNP variants are associated with GDM phenotypes globally, genetic predisposition alone does not explain disease development; lifestyle factors can modify epigenetic signatures and microbiota composition to modulate risk. Evidence indicates genes, epigenetic alterations, and microbiota can transfer from mother to offspring with long-term health consequences.

This prospective case-control study examined genetic variation in immune response genes and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) placebo arm. Among 881 cases and 848 controls, the minor allele of rs3212227 in IL12(p40) was associated with increased prostate cancer risk (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.10-1.53, P-trend=0.0017), particularly for lower-grade disease. The minor alleles of IL10 tagSNPs rs3021094 (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.66, P-trend=0.03) and rs1800890 (OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.75-0.99, P-trend=0.04) showed significant associations. The study investigated whether observed associations were explained by PSA-associated detection bias and found that associations persisted in men with low PSA levels.

This hybrid case-parent triad and case-control study examined associations between 76 tagSNPs in IL10 and IL12 cytokine pathway genes (IL10, IL12A, IL12B, IL10RA, IL10RB, IL12RB1, IL12RB2) and cervical/vulvar cancer risk. Key findings include: IL10RA rs9610 (OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.15–2.68) and rs4252314 (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.26–3.96) associated with increased cervical cancer risk; IL12RB2 rs4297265 (OR=0.46) and rs2229546 (OR=0.43) associated with reduced cervical SCC risk; IL12B rs3181224 associated with reduced vulvar SCC risk (OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.74); and IL12RB1 rs11575934 (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.12–2.05) associated with increased cervical adenocarcinoma risk.

This haplotype-based case-control study in 245 Han Chinese ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 300 controls examined six known UC susceptibility loci. The authors identified IL2 SNP rs2069762 (P=7.0×10⁻⁴, OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.20-1.99) and IL21 SNP rs2055979 (P=1.2×10⁻⁴, OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.17-1.92) as independently associated with UC, demonstrating that unlike in Caucasians, IL2 and IL21 occupy separate linkage disequilibrium blocks in Han Chinese populations. They also identified rs17375018 in IL23R associated with disease extent (pancolitis; P=0.002, OR=2.38, 95% CI 1.41-4.02).

Nested case-control study of 258 prostate cancer cases and 258 matched controls in the CLUE II prospective cohort examining genetic variants in inflammation and obesity-related genes. The IL10 -1082G>A variant (rs1800896, A allele) was positively associated with prostate cancer risk (AG vs GG: OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.10-2.60; AA vs GG: OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.11-2.96), while a TLR4 variant (rs4986790) showed inverse association, and no consistent associations were found for obesity-related gene variants.