rs730497

This variant is located in the GCK gene.

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GWAS Catalog Trait Associations (6)

Genome-wide significant associations (p < 5×10⁻⁸) from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog.

glucose measurement

Loya H et al. “A scalable variational inference approach for increased mixed-model association power.” Nature Genetics 57(2):461-468 (2025)
Allele A
OR 0.10
p 1.0e-282
N 394,642
Large GWAS
European
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. “Genetics of 35 blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank.” Nature Genetics 53(2):185-194 (2021)
Allele A
OR 0.11
p 4.0e-261
N 325,386
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
multi-ancestry
Richardson TG et al. “Characterising metabolomic signatures of lipid-modifying therapies through drug target mendelian randomisation.” Plos Biology 20(2):e3001547 (2022)
Allele A
OR 0.07
p 7.0e-40
N 114,870
Large GWAS
European
Davyson E et al. “Metabolomic Investigation of Major Depressive Disorder Identifies a Potentially Causal Association With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.” Biological Psychiatry 94(8):630-639 (2023)
Allele A
OR 0.07
p 1.0e-32
N 88,174
Large GWAS
European

HbA1c measurement

Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. “Genetics of 35 blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank.” Nature Genetics 53(2):185-194 (2021)
Allele A
OR 0.11
p 2.0e-273
N 338,919
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
multi-ancestry
Paré G et al. “Novel association of HK1 with glycated hemoglobin in a non-diabetic population: a genome-wide evaluation of 14,618 participants in the Women's Genome Health Study.” Plos Genetics 4(12):e1000312 (2008)
Allele A
OR —
β 0.030
p 6.0e-12
N 14,618
Large GWAS
European

type 2 diabetes mellitus

Vujkovic M et al. “Discovery of 318 new risk loci for type 2 diabetes and related vascular outcomes among 1.4 million participants in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis.” Nature Genetics 52(7):680-691 (2020)
Allele G
OR 0.06
p 9.0e-29
N 1,407,282
Meta-analysisLarge GWAS
multi-ancestry
Verma A et al. “Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.” Science (new York, N.y.) 385(6706):eadj1182 (2024)
Allele G
OR 0.08
p 6.0e-13
N 116,014
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
African American or Afro-Caribbean

diabetes mellitus

Verma A et al. “Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.” Science (new York, N.y.) 385(6706):eadj1182 (2024)
Allele G
OR 0.06
p 1.0e-20
N 611,168
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
multi-ancestry

metabolic syndrome

Ho CY et al. “A Genome-Wide Association Study of Metabolic Syndrome in the Taiwanese Population.” Nutrients 16(1) (2023)
Allele G
OR 0.08
p 9.0e-11
N 107,230
Large GWAS
East Asian

hemoglobin A1 measurement

Sakaue S et al. “A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes.” Nature Genetics 53(10):1415-1424 (2021)
Allele A
OR 0.03
p 8.0e-9
N 71,221
Large GWAS
East Asian
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Research that mentions this SNP (1)

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Transethnic insight into the genetics of glycaemic traits: fine-mapping results from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) consortium
AssociationN=26,760Stephanie A. Bien et al.(2017)· Diabetologia

Transethnic fine-mapping study of glycaemic traits in 26,760 participants (Hispanic/Latino, African, Asian, and Native American) using the Metabochip. Replicated 31/39 fasting glucose and 14/17 fasting insulin loci from European GWAS. Identified two novel secondary signals at G6PC2-rs477224 and GCK-rs2908290, a population-specific signal at G6PC2-rs77719485 in African ancestry, and one novel locus at SLC17A2-rs75862513 for fasting insulin.

Traits studied:Fasting glucoseFasting insulinType 2 diabetes
PubMedDOIMetascience Observatory

About GCK

This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

View all GCK variants →

Gene information from NCBI Gene. Variant classifications from ClinVar.

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