rs2000999

This is a intron variant variant in the HPR gene.

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GWAS Catalog Trait Associations (64)

Genome-wide significant associations (p < 5×10⁻⁸) from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog.

low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement

Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. “Genetics of 35 blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank.” Nature Genetics 53(2):185-194 (2021)
Allele A
OR 0.07
p 3.0e-112
N 355,197
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
multi-ancestry
Verma A et al. “Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.” Science (new York, N.y.) 385(6706):eadj1182 (2024)
Allele A
OR 0.05
p 1.0e-54
N 404,687
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
European
Koskeridis F et al. “Pleiotropic genetic architecture and novel loci for C-reactive protein levels.” Nature Communications 13(1):6939 (2022)
Allele A
OR 0.02
p 5.0e-32
N 361,194
Large GWAS
European
Spracklen CN et al. “Association analyses of East Asian individuals and trans-ancestry analyses with European individuals reveal new loci associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels.” Human Molecular Genetics 26(9):1770-1784 (2017)
Allele A
OR 0.07
p 5.0e-45
N 205,367
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Bentley AR et al. “Multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of 387,272 individuals identifies new loci associated with serum lipids.” Nature Genetics 51(4):636-648 (2019)
Allele A
OR 1.64
p 6.0e-16
N 125,692
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Teslovich TM et al. “Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids.” Nature 466(7307):707-713 (2010)
Allele A
OR 2.00
p 2.0e-22
N 95,454
Large GWAS
European
Hoffmann TJ et al. “A large electronic-health-record-based genome-wide study of serum lipids.” Nature Genetics 50(3):401-413 (2018)
Allele A
OR —
β 0.067
p 8.0e-30
N 94,674
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Willer CJ et al. “Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels.” Nature Genetics 45(11):1274-1283 (2013)
Allele A
OR —
β 0.065
p 4.0e-41
N 94,595
Large GWAS
European

apolipoprotein B measurement

Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. “Genetics of 35 blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank.” Nature Genetics 53(2):185-194 (2021)
Allele A
OR 0.07
p 9.0e-105
N 354,097
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
multi-ancestry

total cholesterol measurement

Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. “Genetics of 35 blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank.” Nature Genetics 53(2):185-194 (2021)
Allele A
OR 0.07
p 5.0e-103
N 355,858
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
multi-ancestry
Verma A et al. “Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.” Science (new York, N.y.) 385(6706):eadj1182 (2024)
Allele A
OR 0.05
p 1.0e-61
N 397,478
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
European
Spracklen CN et al. “Association analyses of East Asian individuals and trans-ancestry analyses with European individuals reveal new loci associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels.” Human Molecular Genetics 26(9):1770-1784 (2017)
Allele A
OR 0.06
p 2.0e-44
N 219,941
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Teslovich TM et al. “Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids.” Nature 466(7307):707-713 (2010)
Allele A
OR 2.34
p 3.0e-24
N 100,184
Large GWAS
European
Hoffmann TJ et al. “A large electronic-health-record-based genome-wide study of serum lipids.” Nature Genetics 50(3):401-413 (2018)
Allele A
OR —
β 0.066
p 2.0e-30
N 94,674
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Willer CJ et al. “Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels.” Nature Genetics 45(11):1274-1283 (2013)
Allele A
OR —
β 0.062
p 7.0e-41
N 94,595
Large GWAS
European
Nagy R et al. “Exploration of haplotype research consortium imputation for genome-wide association studies in 20,032 Generation Scotland participants.” Genome Medicine 9(1):23 (2017)
Allele A
OR 0.08
p 7.0e-9
N 26,122
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
European

haptoglobin measurement

Froguel P et al. “A genome-wide association study identifies rs2000999 as a strong genetic determinant of circulating haptoglobin levels.” Plos One 7(3):e32327 (2012)
Allele A
OR 0.14
p 8.0e-59
N 631
Small GWAS
European
Suhre K et al. “Connecting genetic risk to disease end points through the human blood plasma proteome.” Nature Communications 8:14357 (2017)
Allele A
OR 0.76
p 7.0e-45
N 997
Small GWAS
multi-ancestry

Hypercholesterolemia

Verma A et al. “Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.” Science (new York, N.y.) 385(6706):eadj1182 (2024)
Allele G
OR 0.08
p 1.0e-45
N 315,668
Major Consortium StudyLarge GWAS
European

blood protein amount

Gudjonsson A et al. “A genome-wide association study of serum proteins reveals shared loci with common diseases.” Nature Communications 13(1):480 (2022)
Allele A
OR 0.36
p 1.0e-43
N 5,362
Large GWAS
European

triglycerides in medium LDL measurement

Zoodsma M et al. “A genetic map of human metabolism across the allele frequency spectrum.” Nature Genetics 57(10):2445-2455 (2025)
Allele A
OR 0.03
p 2.0e-38
N 450,015
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Davyson E et al. “Metabolomic Investigation of Major Depressive Disorder Identifies a Potentially Causal Association With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.” Biological Psychiatry 94(8):630-639 (2023)
Allele A
OR 0.04
p 5.0e-11
N 88,329
Large GWAS
European

triglycerides in LDL measurement

Zoodsma M et al. “A genetic map of human metabolism across the allele frequency spectrum.” Nature Genetics 57(10):2445-2455 (2025)
Allele A
OR 0.03
p 8.0e-36
N 450,015
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
Davyson E et al. “Metabolomic Investigation of Major Depressive Disorder Identifies a Potentially Causal Association With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.” Biological Psychiatry 94(8):630-639 (2023)
Allele A
OR 0.04
p 2.0e-10
N 88,329
Large GWAS
European

concentration of small VLDL particles

Zoodsma M et al. “A genetic map of human metabolism across the allele frequency spectrum.” Nature Genetics 57(10):2445-2455 (2025)
Allele A
OR 0.03
p 2.0e-35
N 450,015
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry

triglycerides in very small VLDL measurement

Zoodsma M et al. “A genetic map of human metabolism across the allele frequency spectrum.” Nature Genetics 57(10):2445-2455 (2025)
Allele A
OR 0.03
p 3.0e-35
N 450,015
Large GWAS
multi-ancestry
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Research that mentions this SNP (1)

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Genetic variation of FTO: rs1421085 T&gt;C, rs8057044 G&gt;A, rs9939609 T&gt;A, and copy number (CNV) in Mexican Mayan school‐aged children with obesity/overweight and with normal weight
ReviewLizbeth González‐Herrera et al.(2019)· American Journal of Human Biology

A literature review of 70 studies examining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity in Mexican populations published 2011-2021. The authors identified SNPs with differential behavior in Mexican compared to Caucasian populations, including rs17782313 (MC4R), rs6548238 (TMEM18), rs6265 (BDNF), rs7498665 (SH2B1), and notably rs6232 (PCSK1) associated with early-onset obesity in Mexican youth. The review emphasizes ethnicity-dependent genetic effects on BMI heritability (40-70%) and highlights genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and adipokine signaling pathways.

Traits studied:AdiposityBlood pressureBody mass index (BMI)Cardiovascular risk factorsDyslipidemiaInsulin resistanceMetabolic syndromeObesityOverweightType 2 diabetes
PubMedDOIMetascience Observatory

About HPR

This gene encodes a haptoglobin-related protein that binds hemoglobin as efficiently as haptoglobin. Unlike haptoglobin, plasma concentration of this protein is unaffected in patients with sickle cell anemia and extensive intravascular hemolysis, suggesting a difference in binding between haptoglobin-hemoglobin and haptoglobin-related protein-hemoglobin complexes to CD163, the hemoglobin scavenger receptor. This protein may also be a clinically important predictor of recurrence of breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

View all HPR variants →

Gene information from NCBI Gene. Variant classifications from ClinVar.

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